Yahoo Finance Mondelez International Inc (MDLZ) Q2 2019 Earnings Call Transcript
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Mondelez International Inc (NASDAQ: MDLZ)
Q2 2019 Earnings Call
Jul 30, 2019, 5:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day and welcome to the Mondelez International Second Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. Today's call is scheduled to last about one hour including remarks by Mondelez management and the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] I'd now like to turn the call over to Mr. Shep Dunlap, Vice President, Investor Relations from Mondelez. Please go ahead, sir.
Shep Dunlap -- Vice President, Investor Relations
Good afternoon and thanks for joining us. With me today are Dirk Van de Put, our Chairman and CEO; and Luca Zaramella, our CFO. Earlier today, we sent out our press release and presentation slides which are available on our website mondelezinternational.com/investors. During this call, we'll make forward-looking statements about the company's performance. These statements are based on how we see things today.
Actual results may differ materially due to risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the cautionary statements and risk factors contained in our 10-K and 10-Q filings for more details on our forward-looking statements. As we discuss our results today, unless otherwise noted, we will be referencing our non-GAAP financial measures, which adjust for certain items included in our GAAP results.
In addition, we provide our year-over-year growth on a constant currency basis unless otherwise noted. You can find the comparable GAAP measures and GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations within our earnings release and at the back of the slide presentation.
In today's call, Dirk will give you an overview of our results as well as progress update against our strategic priorities, then Luca will take you through the financials and our outlook. We'll close with Q&A.
With that, I'll now turn the call over to Dirk.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Shep, and good afternoon, everybody. Today, we are reporting strong second quarter results as our category leadership position and solid execution allowed us to capitalize on strong snacking fundamentals in most of our key markets.
Our first half performance demonstrates that our more consumer-centric approach and focus on our strategic priorities is working. We are delivering volume-driven top line growth while driving earnings growth and improved cash flow generation. Given this performance, we are raising our full-year outlook for organic net revenue growth to 3% plus, which Luca I will discuss in more detail later in the call.
As you can see on my first slide, it is clear that our unique position as a global snacking leader and our unique approach to growing our business is driving us forward. We have a strong portfolio of global and local brands combined with an advantaged manufacturing and distribution network. We have leading positions in both developed and emerging markets. And we have a talented and committed colleagues who are energized by the progress they are seeing.
The combination of these advantages are helping to generate volume growth which, by virtue of our efficient operations, generates more fuel to further invest in expanding our top line as well as create long-term value for our shareholders. We create that value through our consumer-centric growth strategy, a reminder of which is on Slide 5.
Our long-term goal is to deliver attractive dollar profit increase driven by solid top line growth as well as free cash flow expansion by focusing our business on three clear priorities. First, to accelerate top line growth. Second, to drive operational excellence. And third, to build a winning growth culture.
Turning to the financial results for the second quarter on the next slide, we delivered strong performance against many key metric. Our top line growth accelerated to 4.6% underpinned by solid category performance, improving share trends and volume growth. Our emerging markets grew 7.6%, while developed markets showed 2.8% growth. Our adjusted operating income grew in line with revenue as volume leverage and cost savings were partly reinvested in strengthening our brands and capabilities for the future.
We reported high single-digit adjusted EPS growth and free cash flow reached $581 million since the start of the year. We also continue to make great progress on living our purpose across the organization, including through our sustainability agenda. To talk briefly about our geographies, revenue grew across all four of our regions and was underpinned by market share gains. Our North American business grew 2.5% led by strong US biscuits results. Our EMEA business grew 4.7% overall, with strong growth in China and India. Our European business grew 3.9% boosted by the UK, Germany, and Russia. And in Latin America, growth was 10.9% or 4.2% excluding Argentina.
Let me share a little more detail on progress against our strategy. Turning to Slide 7. We committed to increasing and optimizing investment behind our brands both global and local and our channels in order to create a solid foundation for future growth. Year-to-date, we have driven a total increase in organic net revenue of over $500 million and an increase in adjusted operating income of almost $100 million on a constant currency basis.
This investment is helping us to maintain strong growth momentum in two of our biggest brands, OREO and Cadbury Dairy Milk. Thanks in part to expansion of distribution in key markets and channels. At the same time, we are putting more emphasis than in the past on our local jewels. For example, Nutter Butter, an iconic US brand that celebrated its 50th anniversary this year is delivering double-digit growth, thanks to fresh investment.
We're also fueling channel expansion. We will continue to expand our rural distribution network in major markets like India. This will give us an even stronger competitive advantage in a market where we are already chocolate leaders. In Southeast Asia, further investment in modern and traditional trade has enabled us to accelerate our fast growing chocolate business in countries like Indonesia, resulting in double-digit growth and share gains.
We continue to build our e-commerce business as well. Our global e-commerce reported net revenue grew more than 30% in the quarter, while our US e-commerce business grew almost 80%. We also saw continued strong growth in markets like China, where partnerships with e-tailers are helping us gain share. Operational excellence remains critical to our success. I was particularly pleased to see our Easter execution this year, where during a particularly important time for our chocolate business we achieved best in class service levels in key markets across Europe. And when it comes to cost, we are continuing to exercise the muscle we've built over recent years. Cost discipline remains well-embedded in our organization. Thanks to zero-based budgeting. And we are expanding efforts to cut other unnecessary costs from our supply chain, including reducing waste in our US manufacturing network.
As we head into the second half of the year, our new commercial organization is operating well. Our focus is more local and increasingly consumer-centric, leading to improved speed, execution and results. By way of example, in changing our organizational structure in Europe, we've made our business planning process much more efficient with 40% fewer meetings required. This has increased the speed of decision making and keeps our people focused on their growth initiatives.
On the next slide, I want to talk about another important pillar of our growth strategy. The acquisition of brands that help us accelerate growth by entering into adjacencies in broader snacking or into more well-being oriented products. So far this year, we've already made investments through our snack futures unit in the paleo-vegan chocolate company Hu and in the prebiotics company Uplift Foods.
As you will have seen, we've recently taken a majority stake in Perfect Snacks, the pioneer in refrigerated nutrition bars. A few reasons why we are so excited about this brand. The product has great well-being credentials and offer organic non-GMO protein-rich snacks, which are on trend with consumers. The company is growing fast and had 2018 revenues of $17 million. We will operate Perfect Snacks as a separate business in order to nurture its culture and its spirit. And importantly, key members of the founding family, the Keiths are keeping a significant minority stake and will continue to lead the company. While they remain a separate business, we will offer significant resources to expand distribution. The business is delivering very strong growth and we are excited about the potential with clear opportunities to expand this platform further.
Finally, let's turn to our impact on the world around us and our consumers. Our company's purpose is to empower consumers to snack right is also reflected in our broad corporate sustainability agenda. In the second quarter, we announced our sustainable and mindful snacking goals. As part of our sustainable snacking strategy, for example, we have committed to sourcing 100% of the cocoa for our chocolate through Cocoa Life and moving to 100% recyclable packaging by 2025. And in order to encourage mindful consumption by our consumers, we will include portion amounts and mindful snacking information on all packages globally by 2025. We also committed to cutting carbon dioxide emissions from the energy used in manufacturing. To help us achieve that, we announced the partnership with Enel Green Power to purchase energy delivered to the grid from a solar energy farm in the US. This will help us reduce our global manufacturing emissions by around 5%.
The feedback on these initiatives from consumers and governments has been positive and underscores the importance for us to continue to lead the way in creating a future where people and the planet thrive. With that, I will hand over to Luca.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Dirk, and good afternoon. As you can see on Slide 11, we delivered strong performance across all our key metrics. The quarter includes broad-based revenue growth with balanced volume mix and pricing, a solid increase in gross profit and high single EPS growth. Productivity and overhead savings provided the fuel for $50 million of business investments in the first half versus last year to drive sustainable growth. Finally, this good results translated into free cash flow of approximately $600 million year-to-date.
Turning to Slide 12. Our leading footprint in emerging markets remains a competitive advantage for us and helped drive our strong top line growth in Q2. These markets grew approximately 8%, marking the fourth consecutive quarter of growth greater than 5%. Excluding inflation-driven growth in Argentina, emerging markets grew 5.4%. China, India, Southeast Asia, Russia and Mexico were among some of our business units that drove this growth with a nice balance of volume and price. Developed markets also posted good momentum in Q2 with nearly 3% organic net revenue growth driven by strong results out of Europe and notable improvement in North America.
Now let's review our profit performance on Slide 13. In the second quarter, we increased gross profit by more than 4%. Productivity, volume leverage, and pricing all contributed, and importantly, gross profit grew faster than revenues in three of four regions. We feel very good about our ability to convert additional volume and revenue into gross profit and investing these benefits to ignite that virtuous cycle. In Q2, these benefits were partially muted by some operational issues we had in Brazil. I'll talk a bit more about those in a minute.
Our gross profit increase translated into solid wide [Phonetic] dollar expansion with volume leverage and cost savings offsetting a step up in investments in the areas of agency [Phonetic], route to market, and innovation.
Moving to regional performance on Slide 14, Europe delivered an excellent quarter with 3.9% revenue growth driven by strength in the UK, Germany and Eastern Europe. Notably, strong in-store execution and marketing activations around Easter enabled the halo effect on our chocolate business and allowed us to exceed our sales expectations and gain market share while driving the category.
Philadelphia also performed particularly well as our investments are driving growth. Adjusted OI [Phonetic] dollars grew by 5% in Europe due to robust sales and volume leverage alongside ongoing cost discipline. We also invested in A&C and route to market in the quarter. EMEA grew 4.7% due to continued strength across much of the region. India delivered another quarter of double-digit growth fueled by strong market dynamics and great execution in both chocolate and biscuit. China grew double-digits, driven by strong results in biscuits. This includes a balance between global and local brands as both Oreo and Pacific [Phonetic] deliver great results.
Gum also had a stand out quarter with strong growth as we continue to take share. South East Asia grew mid-single digits with solid results in biscuits and chocolate. EMEA increased operating income dollars by 5% due to operating gains partially offset by additional investments in high-growth potential markets.
Latin America grew 10.9% due in part to inflation-driven growth in Argentina and the impact of lapping the truckers' strike in Brazil last year. Growth excluding this items was low single-digits. Mexico delivered another mid-single digit increase driven by Gum. Adjusted OI dollars in Latin America declined by approximately 13% primarily due to issues in Brazil during the quarter, surrounding the consolidation of four plants to two. Production delays and some service delivery issues impacted our gross profit. Our team in Brazil is working to address these issues and we expect improvements over the course of the second half, although, there will be some headwinds also for Q3.
Finally, North America grew 2.5% in Q2, led by solid results in the US biscuit business. We gained share in biscuits as Oreo and belVita delivered strong results across multiple channels. We continue to improve service levels and in addition, our DSD execution is driving benefits. While we still have work to do to improve consistency, we are encouraged by this progress. The North American region grew OI by nearly 10% due to effective pricing, waste reduction and overall supply chain execution.
Let me spend a moment on category highlights. Our three snacking categories continue to demonstrate great [Phonetic] fundamentals with total category growth of 3.4% on a year-to-date basis. This builds off 2018 momentum and reinforces our confidence that we have shaped the portfolio in the right way to benefit from attractive categories and markets.
We also know that in many cases, we have helped drive this category strength through our investments and execution. A few example include US biscuit where Oreo and DSD are two key drivers or Easter execution around the world, but especially in the UK and Australia or in India where our distribution gains are helping chocolate to make its way into consumption habits throughout the country.
Overall, we held or gained share in 65% of our business, which is an improvement over recent quarters. Our biscuit business grew 3.6%, approximately 70% of our revenue grew or held share in this category, including our US, China and India business.
In chocolate, our business grew 6.6%, approximately 65% of our revenue grew or held share, including the UK, Australia and Brazil. The execution around this season in many of our key chocolate countries was best-in-class. Gum and candy revenue grew slightly, about 30% of our revenue in this business gained or held share, including strength in China gum and Mexico candy.
Now turning to EPS on Slide 20. Q2 EPS grew 9%. This growth primarily reflected operating gains driven by strong revenue results as well as income from the JV equity investments and share repurchases.
I'll now move on to our cash flow results on Slide 21. We delivered year-to-date free cash flow of $581 million in line with our plans, due to further working capital efficiencies. We are well-positioned to deliver on our full-year targets.
Turning to capital deployment on the next slide, we have returned $1.7 billion to our shareholders through the first half. Today, we announced an increase to our quarterly cash dividend of 10%, consistent with our goal of dividend growth in excess of adjusted EPS.
Moving to our outlook, we are increasing our full-year organic net revenue growth expectations to 3% plus. This reflects our strong first half results as well as our view that the fundamentals around our categories remain robust and that momentum will continue into the second half, but it also acknowledges that our year-to-date revenues was positively affected by an exceptional execution in our Easter season.
We are also increasing our outlook for EPS growth to approximately 5%. Let me spend a few words to explain some of the dynamics here. Our EPS delivery in the first half has been strong, but with respect to the second half, it is important to note that we'll have two items. The first one is a tax favorability in Q3 last year related to the US tax reform transition period, and the second is the impact of lower tax rates in the Netherlands that benefited JV in Q4 2018.
Excluding these two items, our underlying profit performance should be comparable with the first half where volume leverage upsides and gross profit increases will be partially reinvested in growth initiatives. Concerning our overall second half effective tax rate, it is important to note that it is expected to be in line with Q2. We are also updating our interest expense estimate to approximately $400 million. Additional geopolitical disruptions or other disruptive events including Brexit are not anticipated within these EPS outlook estimate.
Finally, our free cash flow expectations are unchanged.
With that, let's open the line for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Andrew Lazar with Barclays.
Andrew Lazar -- Barclays -- Analyst
Good afternoon, everyone. Just two questions from me.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Andrew.
Andrew Lazar -- Barclays -- Analyst
Good afternoon. First, I guess, just at a high level, Dirk, with the strong first half, curious where you see this as putting Mondelez in the scheme of its broader strategy. I guess, do you see the company as ahead of schedule to return to the stated long-term algorithm? And then second, guidance for 3% plus organic top line for the full year, as you mentioned, Luca suggested deceleration from, call it, the 4% level in the first half. Are there some discrete items to think through here, particularly given category growth is running above 3 or is there also perhaps some conservatism being employed as well? Thank you.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay, thanks for the question, Andrew. I'll maybe reply to the first part and then Luca can take the second question. So yes, we are pleased with the performance in the first half. We feel that it's a confirmation of the strong fundamentals that we have which as to see with our unique position as a global snacking leader, we are in the right categories, we are in the right geographies. We have the emerging markets, but also developed markets this quarter doing quite well. We feel that we are successfully executing against our strategy, which is giving good early results and share trends. We wanted to invest in our brands, in our capability, which we are doing and which we can probably increase a little bit for the year and we know that that's not linear, not all of the effects of that increased investments we will see this year. That's going to build up over time. And then there's the whole change we want to drive in the company becoming more consumer-centric. We've changed our structure to business units with the local-first approach. Changed the incentives to also improve speed and execution and results.
And, yes, I would say that at this stage, we feel that everything is going as planned and probably faster than we would have planned. And we feel that the strategy we put in place and our execution against that strategy is positioning us in a situation where we think that creating sustainable long-term shareholder value is clear. And, yeah, we feel pretty good about what's happening in the company at this stage. So maybe, Luca, you can talk about the guidance.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Thank you, Andrew. I think when you look at the quality of the overall results, it is I think fair to say that, probably, all around this is one of the best if not the best quarter since the formation of Mondelez. And clearly, that gives us the confidence in the outlook also going forward. So we remain quite optimistic on the outlook and we clearly anticipate continued momentum in the second half. We have to acknowledge though that the first half was positively impacted by what we called the halo effect on a great Easter execution. As we looked around all the countries where we have a meaningful chocolate business and there are many, we clearly drove the category performance in Q2, and we have executed very well from, I would say, supply chain with the exception of Brazil, which we called out as one exception, to actually being able to sell in the marketplace not only our seasonal products but also the regular lines. And as we look at these that we are very, very pleased we did exceptionally well.
And that is one of the reasons why maybe the second part of the year might be lower than the 4% growth rate that you have seen in the first half. But to be very precise, we didn't have any discrete items in Q2 or for that matter in the first half, yes, we are lapping the truckers' strike last year in Brazil. But in the big scheme of things, it's quite immaterial. It is one points of growth for total Mondelez.
You didn't ask about profit but maybe I'll spend a couple of words there as well. Again, we are very pleased with what we saw in the first half, excluding Brazil, gross profit is really growing nicely, and we see the virtuous cycle come into fruition. We see volume leverage coming through, productivity, effective pricing. I mean, look at the number we are posting for North America profits as one example. And we are using the upside to reinvest in the business. The second half as far as profit goals, it will be comparable to what we have seen so far, but we also want to solidify our business through continued investment.
And so, there is a little bit more to come in terms of investments and clearly where we see momentum. Maybe we'll double down to make sure that that we generate even more revenue. So, maybe maybe we are conservative, but I would say the first half was exceptionally well as we executed around, for instance, Easter as I called out.
Andrew Lazar -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thank you.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Andrew.
Operator
Your next question comes from Bryan Spillane with Bank of America.
Bryan Spillane -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon, everyone.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good afternoon, Bryan.
Bryan Spillane -- Bank of America -- Analyst
So two questions from me. One, just first one, in North America, pricing was up a little bit more sequentially in the second quarter than it was in the first quarter. And I think you said in the prepared remarks that you also had share gains. So, I guess, two things around that relative to this price increase that you took earlier in the year or late last year, has the share performance in the brands responded to that pricing maybe better than you expected?
And I guess, as we're thinking about kind of the balance of the year, would you expect that level of pricing to hold up the balance of the year?
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, maybe I'll start and then you know, to give you a little bit more perspective on shares and brand dynamics. I think, Dirk, will let color, a little bit of color there. So pricing, yes, it is sequentially better. And by the way, I think if you look across all the regions, it is a little bit sequentially better. So it's not only a North American thing I would say. But we announced price the second way quite frankly toward the end of last year and became partially into effect in Q1. So it is peaking in, I think, its fullest in Q2 and that's why you see the benefit becoming a little bit more pronounced in Q2.
As you said, the categories, particularly in biscuits, are reacting well. When you dissect the category dynamics, you see volume and pricing being positive. And so, not really true that you can price and you're going to lose volume. If you have food marketing bundles and if you support your franchises, that can lead to value and volume growth simultaneously, which is the case. And on top of that, we are driving, we are driving share.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. And maybe to add to that, on the share. So, yes, we are seeing that our biscuits category is in very good shape. North American, as you know, it's 80% of our business. We have outstanding results for brands like Oreo or belVita which means that we are driving the category growth. We see the pricing come through as Luca was commenting and we are gaining share.
We also are seeing clearly that we have the benefit now of DSD. We had excellent execution in DSD in this quarter. And the other thing that has been changing is the retailer destocking is slowing down.
So overall, we feel that there is good momentum in the consumer or in the consumption of our brands, and we feel that this momentum is going to continue. Maybe on North America, which has been a discussion in the past, a little bit on the supply chain, because that could throw us off those share gains that I was talking about, and we saw a very good quarter. We are lowering our waste, our case fill rate is back to a reasonable level. There is more work to be done, but overall we feel that we really are seeing good progress there.
We also have to improve our predictability and the consistency of the supply chain that has been one of the issues. But, again, now for a number of quarters that has been improved. And we are also focused overall in driving excellence in our core operating processes. So we don't see anything in the internal functioning of the company that would drove was off to continue to gain share in North America.
Bryan Spillane -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay, great, thanks for that. And, Luca, if I could just follow up, on net interest expense it's down for the year versus the original, is that a function of like refinancing or a movement in rates? Just trying to understand if there is more sensitivity to that, as we look forward.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
No, I don't think, I mean, the [Indecipherable] and some of your colleagues in Q1, year-to-date we are 180, give or take, in terms of interest cost. I think it is going to be in the ballpark of $400 million. So I think it was a little bit more of we wanted to be on the safe side. I think in the meantime, interest cost had moved down and particularly given the commercial paper program we had, we are capturing some benefits versus the original guidance. So I don't see anything material changing in the interest environment going forward and we will continue to do what we have done so far, which is really getting our interest cost over the last five years down to a very good level considering the investment grade we have.
Bryan Spillane -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Bryan.
Operator
Your next question comes from Chris Growe with Stifel.
Chris Growe -- Stifel -- Analyst
Hi, good evening.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Chris.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Hi.
Chris Growe -- Stifel -- Analyst
Hi, thank you. I just had a question for you, first off on just the broader level of investment you're putting behind the business. And as we think about, you gave some good kind of forecast for the second half of profitability and then unique factors to keep in mind, as you've outperformed in the first half, are your investments even heavier in the second half than they were in the first half as a question?
And then just to understand how they're going emerging market versus developed markets just to get a better sense of that, please?
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so we are trying to get ourselves into this virtuous cycle whereby we invest more and that investment is concentrated in three areas, one is A&C. The second one is route to market. Then the third one is R&D. And as we invest more, we want that to generate volume growth together with some pricing and that then increases our gross profit dollars, of which, we reinvest part of it and the other part flows down to the bottom line. In 2019 our thinking here is to largely reinvest most of that gross profit in the business. We obviously are going to deliver on the OI increase we had for the year, but this is really a year of trying to get momentum in our brands and protect them for the long-term. So if we have the opportunity in the second half, yes, we are planning to invest more.
I would also like to say that it's not just a question of investments, what we are also doing is trying to optimize our spending. What that means is that we are paying a lot of attention to our ROI on our investment activities. We've implemented the new, what we call, marketing playbook which is working well for us. And we are also shifting more of the investment to working media. So the net effect of what we really are spending on media and online is more than the extra amount we are investing. It's a shift within that spending too.
So the long answer to your question is, yes, we will. We see this year as an investment, still growing ROI. But we want to catch as much as momentum as we can on our brands. And so, with what we're seeing coming at us in the second half, we expect that we can do a little bit more.
As it relates to emerging markets versus developed markets, I'd say at a high level, what is happening is that the very good trend that we've seen in the emerging markets which was now for the fourth quarter in a row, a growth of above 5% continued. They were up 7.6% and we have very good results in places like India, China, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe. At this stage, we feel very good about these markets and we feel that we can continue to drive category development through increased distribution, more investment in the brands. Probably, the biggest change came from developed markets versus the previous trend in this quarter whereby they now grew 2.8%, almost 3%. That was driven obviously by the continued improvement in North America and a very strong Easter season in the UK and Ireland.
So, what I would say, a good balance of volume and pricing was also clear for us in the developed markets and we expect that -- we also saw as expanding our margins in those markets this quarter. So overall, I would say very positive signs in both and nothing at least on the horizon that would throw off except maybe from a Brexit or something like that, but we see the momentum in emerging and developed markets continue.
Chris Growe -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay, thank you for the answer. That was a lot of good color. I had just a quick follow-on which is in relation to the pricing that you achieved this quarter, would you -- could we call that a sort of a full run rate based on what you've announced so far? Or is there more pricing still to come through that you've announced in the market rather than folks sense [Phonetic] that you may still announce for the business?
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Look, I think, Chris, the my sensitivity [Phonetic] about talking about future pricing actions, and I don't want to signal anything. Just remember that we had some incremental pricing actions that took effect in the second part of last year. And in general terms, what I would say is we had proven that we want to be disciplined in terms of pricing. Last year in the US, I think we were the first player to really move. So we will continue to be disciplined on pricing. We believe it is quintessential to the algorithm to support our franchises.
So without talking about specifics, we see some places where there is inflation where there is some commodity and cost prices and we will take appropriate pricing actions that -- as we, as we see appropriate.
Chris Growe -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay, thank you very much.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Chris.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Steven Strycula with UBS.
Steven Strycula -- UBS -- Analyst
Hi, good afternoon.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Steve.
Steven Strycula -- UBS -- Analyst
So look, to start off, I'd appreciate the color on Brazil. I was hoping to get a little bit more insight as to dimensionalizing how much of a profit drag it was to segment or total company profitability? And how do we think about the recovery rate in the back half? Specifically, is this weighing on your ability to fill customer service rates? Is it causing any kind of distribution losses in Brazil? Color there would be helpful. And I have a quick follow-up for Dirk.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. So these operational issues in the quarter adversely impacted the gross profit line by, I would say, $20 million to $30 million. So it was a material impact. The simple facts are over the last couple of years, at least, Brazil has, as an economy, suffered quite a bit and the categories where we compete lost quite a bit of volume. So we really underwent a material change in the business. And we featured in the past, Curitiba, which is one of the two plants. We had one in the south and the other one in the north as being very cost competitive. But the facts are, we consolidated four plants down to these two plants and we had some executional issues that translated, first, into inefficiencies and product that we had to scrap in the plant, but also in logistics-related issues in terms of distribution and ability to have the right product in the right place and also extra costs.
The recovery rate, it is hard to give you a specific answer there. What I would say though is I don't think we will be fully sold by the end of Q3 and there might be improvements in Q4. I feel hopeful that there will be improvements in Q4, albeit, I can't tell you exactly what they will be at this point in time. In the overall guidance we gave you, we consider all those things, and so we will provide an update clearly as we post Q3 and as we talk about Q4. But for the time being, I can't say that we will be fully sold by Q3 or Q4.
Steven Strycula -- UBS -- Analyst
Thanks. And then, for Dirk, we've seen a lot of the global multinational companies that are also showing very good organic sales growth reinvest also back into the core business. So to extent you have the ability to pull forward some of the investment spend that you're planning for maybe the start of early fiscal '20 into this year, what are some of the priority country category combinations that we can look for the business to maybe improve or maybe even accelerate at the margin? Thanks.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Yes, I mean, for us the emerging markets are very important. And the reason being that we see that a lot of the snacking growth around the world will be coming from those markets. So for us to invest more in places like India, China, South East Asia, Eastern Europe and also Brazil, those are the places where we would think about. At the same time, we do feel that we have very good momentum in North America and we have not necessarily been able to invest a lot more versus the past In North America.
So we are planning also there to increase our investment. So that's the way I would describe it. It's about the emerging markets, the ones I mentioned and then North America.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Ken Goldman with JPMorgan.
Ken Goldman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Hi, thank you.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Ken.
Ken Goldman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
It seems, at least it's a possibility of a hard Brexit taking place at this point, and I know you've spoken in the past about some of the preparation you've done to maybe mitigate the impact. Can you just update us on some of the steps you've taken since, where do you stand with that? And I imagine it's far too difficult to have any level of certainty here, but if you are, any closer to being able to quantify some of the risks of a Brexit, that would be helpful, too.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, well, it's difficult to speculate. I can give you an indication of what we think the possible effects out of a Brexit, but to quantify that exactly is a little bit difficult since we do not know which shape or form Brexit will take.
Having said that, the UK business is an important business for us. It's also one of our powerhouse businesses. It's a snacking power house with a very strong presence in chocolate, biscuit and candy. It's a market that is doing very well for us. It's very profitable and growing at a very good pace. And particularly the second quarter was a very good quarter for the UK.
Like I said, it's very difficult to speculate but there's different forms of Brexit. And if there is a hard Brexit, there will certainly be implications to our business. In the short term, we are largely talking about supply related issues. And in Q1, as we were preparing for a potential Brexit in March, we put in motion those plans. And what does that mean? It means that we increased the level of raw materials we have in the country. We increased the number of warehousing space we have for finished products. We contract more distribution trucks and so we are ready to keep our products and distribution no matter. We did that very well. In fact, the [Indecipherable] called our preparation one of the best, if not, the best preparation for a potential Brexit and we are going to put that plan back in motion.
We thought it would cover us very well on the short-term potential effects of a disruption in the supply chain. However, there is also a risk that there could be an inflation and a currency devaluation as a consequence of Brexit, and those are effects that are much more difficult for us to estimate. And it would lead to a number of other changes that we needed to implement related to pricing, related to sourcing, those are more of a longer-term effect and as I said, at this stage, very difficult to exactly estimate what the quantitative effect will be. We are ready to deal with these challenges. As you can imagine, we are running scenarios and we are ready to implement.
We do believe that over the long term, this is a very strong market. It's a business that we want to protect and we are sure that if we have to deal with any short-term or even a little bit longer-term disruption, that in the end we will be back stronger than before. As you might know, we have a very significant production presence in the UK and we see ourselves capable in the end to supply the UK from the UK if need to.
Steven Strycula -- UBS -- Analyst
Great, thank you very much.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay.
Operator
Your next question comes from Jason English with Goldman Sachs.
Jason English -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Hey, good morning folks. I guess, I'll, real quick, I'll just build off Ken's question and then I've got an entirely separate question. The UK government in March announced a temporary, well, some sort of a proposal for a temporary relief in this situation of a hard Brexit on import tariffs for up to 12 months. So that would appear to apply to most food products. Do you believe that would be applicable to your business and could that be a powerful mitigator of any sort of near-term disruption?
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Look, we did quite extensive analysis on these. We don't believe even after a temporary period there will be material tariff impacts in our business given the structure of our imports into the country. As Dick said, we had the material prices in the UK to start with, but also given what we import and the shape and form of what we report, we don't believe there will be material ongoing tariff at this point in time based on what we know at this point. So I would say not only temporarily but also in the long term there will be most likely no material tariff impacts for us at this point in time. That's what we see.
I think as Dirk said, a hard Brexit will -- might hamper consumer confidence. There would be most likely an immediate currency devaluation on top of what we have seen these last couple of days. But we will also see potentially inflation running up into the countries, and that might lead to a consumer situation that might be detrimental not only to our business but to the overall economy. So, it's hard to say exactly what will happen, but that's really what we need to watch for and that's how we want to take, as a company, a long-term stance, making sure that we protect the business we have there which is quite a good business.
Jason English -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Sure, that makes a lot of sense. Thank you. And then pivoting to my second line of questioning, it's really around gross margins. I understand the Brazil math, it looks like it was somewhere in the magnitude of 30 to 50 basis point drag on GMs this quarter. But the lack of margin flow-through on the accelerating price growth is nonetheless a little bit surprising. Can you walk us through the puts and takes, like, where is productivity coming in, where is inflation, where is sort of reinvestment of the product or expansion into other lower-margin verticals that could mix down? What are all those puts and takes that are holding back GMs?
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
I would say, and we are clearly not going to disclose gross margin or gross profit by region, but I can reassure you that, as I look at pretty much all P&L by category and business unit around the world, I can tell you the vast majority of those P&Ls make a lot of sense. You see broad-based growth and you see a nice balance of volume and pricing. The volume effect and the leverage that it provides to our supply chain is coming into effect and we see continued cost savings into costs and overheads.
In some cases, clearly, there are better outcomes than in others, but overall, I would say, again, as I look around the world. We are quite in a good place in terms of GDP growth. I think on a year-to-date basis, we are 20 bps up in total company. And again, when you add back the potential impact of Brazil and the fact that in terms of pure percentage margins places like Argentina are becoming a little bit more dilutive than we have seen in the past. I think when you consider those two effects, I think we can say we are quite pleased.
You look at OI growth in Q2, North America growing almost 10% OI. You look at EU and EMEA 5% after we made material investments in the A&C line. I think all in all, the algorithm as we envisage in the first place is coming to fruition. It's not that we are not delivering the savings, that volume leverage isn't there. It is the fact that this specific quarter we had Latin America being an outlier.
Jason English -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Jason.
Operator
Your next question comes from David Palmer with Evercore ISI.
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Thanks. Good evening. Two quick ones for me as well.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Hi, David.
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Good evening. Hi, first on chocolate. Your chocolate business was holding or gaining share, I think it was about 35% to 40% of its markets last year. And now, those numbers look more like two-third of that business are holding or gaining share. So that's a nice improvement. Could you talk about the biggest factors that have really turned your market share trends in chocolate around?
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, yes, well, we over-indexed [Phonetic] in Easter and particularly in Europe. And so, what you saw in the first quarter was that -- is kind of the normal trend in our business. Easter this year was not in the first quarter, was in the second quarter, last year was in the first quarter. So you saw that difference. And then the second quarter, we had an excellent execution of Easter and that is really what is giving us the boost in the market share.
So we are now year-to-date, we are sort of evened out and we saw some very good progress in our chocolate market share, but it's completely due to our Easter execution.
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Got it. And then second, you've talked in the past about a more decentralized management approach and that was going to dovetail with a greater attention to and perhaps spend behind some of your regional power brands, not just your global ones, is that or has that shift already begun and is that a factor in your results this year or is that something more of a longer curve to it?
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
No, that shift has started and so we've increased our overall investment, and I would say a large chunk. I can't put an exact percentage on it, but I would call it maybe 70%, 80% is going into those local brands. And we've seen a clear change of trend since we started to do that. So local brands or regional brands in the past would have been negative for us. They're now positive and they have been accelerating every quarter in their growth.
So, the intention was there. We are executing and we're seeing the effects already very clearly in our results.
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
And do you think that will be continuing to go an area of improvement even from these levels?
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I would expect that we still have some upside. At the moment, they are growing in line with or is even slightly above the categories, but these are brands that have not received a lot of investment for years. If you take into account, we started about nine months ago and really investing in them. So we haven't even seen a full year of investment, and we are also not only increasing the investment but we're doing a number of innovations, launching a number of healthier products with cleaner ingredients and so on. So we are also renovating these brands. So I do think that they still have run rate to increase the level of their growth.
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from Robert Moskow with Credit Suisse.
Robert Moskow -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. Just wanted to clarify a couple of things. I think you said the second half, you expect it to be similar to the first. And were you referring to sales and operating income growth both because they're both running at around 4% ex-currency.
And then secondly, I'm still trying to figure out the level of investment or at least roughly your gross profit dollars ex-currency are up 4.4% year-to-date. That's about $200 million. Is the answer something along the lines of half of that or some percentage of that? I know you don't want to give us an exact number, but I'm just trying to figure it out.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. So when I said, when I was talking about the profile being comparable, I was talking more about gross profit and NOI. We gave you the couple of items that are masking a little bit, the underlying performance of our EPS and they relate, as I said to taxes. So I was really, referring to the bottom line more than the top line.
What I said on the top line is that we clearly see momentum in the business and we anticipate continued momentum in the second half both in terms of categories and as one of your colleagues said, also in terms of share, we are quite pleased with what we saw in chocolate. But having said that, the first half was positively impacted by what we called the halo effect of a great Easter execution and that is why the second part of the year might be lower than the 4% growth rate of the first half.
As it relates to the level of investments, as we said, for the year, we intend to invest, give or take, $150 million. I think as you -- I gave you enough elements to say how the second part of the year will look like in terms of GP and NOI growth, and then we made the reference to what we spent in the first half. So there is more to come in the second half, but we will continue to invest both on global and local brands. We said we are investing in INC [Phonetic]. As Dick said, it's not only the amount of money, it's the quality of what we are doing, elevating the emotional connections of our brands. But also in route to market or in route to markets in places like India, Russia, we continue to invest and we want to continue to invest.
And finally, in R&D, we are also making material investment specifically around test and learn methodologies, agile methodologies. We gave you a few examples of things we are doing. So I think you have enough elements to understand what we are -- how Q2 -- how Q3 and Q4 we look like in terms of GP and NOI.
Robert Moskow -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
And just to be clear, the 150 is the reinvestment for the total year or is that --
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes, it is.
Robert Moskow -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Robert Moskow -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Perfect.
Operator
Your next question is from David Driscoll with Citi Research.
David Driscoll -- Citi Research -- Analyst
Great, thank you and good evening.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, David.
David Driscoll -- Citi Research -- Analyst
I appreciate you guys getting me in. And I can see what time we are on the hour. Just a couple of points. First one is nice job on the first half of the year so far. And then, I want to just to ask a little bit about North America. The margin in the quarter, I think just a little bit more than 22% segment margin, I believe that might be a record margin for North America.
So given the problems that happened on the malware attack, etc., can you just take us up to date as to what really was the key driver for that margin? And would you expect that margin has upside in the future as you continue to your progression on cost in line to the future, etc.?
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Look, I think if I have to step back and really tell you what is the difference in Q2 versus other quarters in North America, it is, we have created a lot of discipline around key processes for the company starting with demand planning, making sure that we shape up demand in a way that makes sense in terms of cost. Instead of shipping products from branch to branch, we are governing through a better forecast, through a better governance all those flows of goods that, in a context web, we have more than 50 branches and quite a few SKUs in biscuit, governing that is clearly key.
We have created a lot of discipline and visibility and transparency around waste and waste for us is not only what we generate in the plants but also returns of goods. And I can tell you, there is a material benefit coming through as Glen and the team have established processes to govern again waste. And third, but not less important, it is the fact that by having visibility and good understanding of how demand is shaping, our factories are able to predict more reliably what they need to produce and when. And so, we had more efficient runs in the company.
There is clearly also pricing coming through. In a context where, last year, we saw inflation, we priced promptly, I believe. But the full benefit of price, it didn't come through last year. And so now, you had a more balanced situation in terms of pricing net of costs. So these four elements are coming through. Do I think we can improve? Absolutely. I think we can improve. As we said, North America is one of the networks where we will be making more investments going forward.
And so, I think in terms of upside potential, there is more to come.
David Driscoll -- Citi Research -- Analyst
And that was a very thorough answer. One follow on relating to outside North America, but relates to chocolate, we've heard a number of US chocolate companies taking price increases in the United States. You guys, of course, have your major chocolate operations in Europe and elsewhere. Is -- can we draw any parallels between the price increases that we're seeing in the United States in chocolate where those price increases might be applicable to your chocolate operations outside the United States or would you or do you really kind of disabuse me of that notion and say that these things are more unconnected than that? But it feels like North America and Europe should have some kind of connection in terms of chocolate pricing but just love to hear your thought process.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Look, again it's really -- it would be good for me to comment on future pricing actions in places like Europe again but it's too sensitive of a subject. I think there are a couple of things though that are very clear at this point in time. One, it is that there is quite a bit of inflation, not only in the US, but all around the world in terms of specifically two items. It's one, it is logistics cost. And the second one is labor costs. And so, I think, over time, we had to make sure that we priced that way. It might not happen in the short term, but over time, we have proven that we had the discipline to price those cost that way.
The second part, I think it is very important to note that in terms of the way we procure cocoa, we are never hand-to-mouth. And this year, for instance, cocoa prices went up for us, but we were able to secure cocoa at a very reasonable price. But I think it is fair to say that given some of the proposals that are coming out of the coffee war [Phonetic] in Ghana, there is a spike in cocoa cost. And concepts like the leading income differential are putting a little bit of pressure in the market, and the cost of cocoa has gone up.
So I think I've given you enough elements for you to draw some conclusions. But for me to be able to talk about specific pricing actions, I think it is really hard.
David Driscoll -- Citi Research -- Analyst
Really appreciate the comments. Thank you, guys.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
We have time for one more question. Your final question comes from Rob Dickerson with Deutsche Bank.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Great, thank you for fitting me in.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Rob.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hey, how are you. A couple of questions. I guess first question is just regarding the top line guidance and what you said, in a potential implied, slight deceleration if that does happen in the back half versus kind of where -- what we saw in the first half. The question I have though is it doesn't seem like pricing would necessarily be decelerating just given the actions you're seeing filling through in North America and maybe [Indecipherable] America as well. There's not much in Europe, but other parts of -- or let's say your other overall end market operbasis is still seeing decent pricing, and so then I look at it, I see, well, OK, well, then obviously, it would be more volume mix and there could be some nuance as to why. Well, like, again when I look in the first half, right, the first half, the volume performance in growth terms, volume mix was essentially similar to what we saw in the first half of last year. And then, if we look at the back half, the volume mix is a little bit easier last year to compare against. So the question, even though where it is, basically, if there is deceleration, it seems like kind of what you're saying is maybe there's a little risk of nuanced volume deceleration in the back half of the year because the first half was impacted by a well execute Easter, doesn't seem pricing would decelerate, but then that's off of an easier second half compare. So, like, why would volumes really decelerate that much if the compares this year and if pricing isn't coming down, why would organic sales really decelerate? Thanks. I have one more.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, look, as we said, I don't think this is about not having confidence in the second part of the year or seeing momentum slowing down or as as, Andrew, who ask the first question, having some discrete items in the first half that will turn into issues in the second part, this is nothing around any of these topics.
Again, it is the recognition of the fact that in the 4.1% we had on a year-to-date basis in the first half, there was a clear execution gain related to Easter and that is why the second part of the year might be lower than the 4% we see in the first half. But I think in the end, we have to feel good about the solidity of our categories, the fact that the growth of the business is broad based. Again, it is not about the quarter at 4.6% that I like. Obviously, I like the 4.6%, but it is the good quality of results all around. I haven't seen these types of volume mix and price gains in a long long time. I was very pleased with the share gains that we start seeing. Chocolate is fantastic.
We are still losing a bit of share in places like India where we have 65% share. But if I take out, India, all the big markets, they are growing share and the same is applicable to biscuits. So, this is not about saying in the second part of the year we will have a slowdown or it is about recognizing that in the first half there was a positive impact into Easter.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay, fair enough. And then one other question, I have two questions, one is a little bit more substantive. The first question is on just your JV piece, right, total income from equity investments, in the first half, year-over-year, it's up, say, 30%. So obviously, something is going well there. Is -- if you could just provide any color as to why there'll be performing so well, one? And then two, is that a run rate that we should be thinking about, at least, in the near term for the back half and I ask just given it's obviously material to your total income?
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Look, we are very pleased and with coffee. It is fair to say that they have performed very, very well. So in Q2 and in -- and the first half, as you said, the earnings grew respectively 40% and 25%. As KDP is getting the synergies and this should be no surprise, we are importing KDP on a lag [Phonetic]. So to understand what is going to happen in Q3 for KDP, you have to look at their Q2. And JDE is capitalizing on a successful business model and single-serve and espresso [Phonetic] compatible business which is doing very, very well and it is taking share in the major markets in Europe mostly.
The company is also generating good cash flow and they are delivering delevering fast, and so there is a subsequent interest cost saving. So nothing has really changed in what we see in JDE and KDP. They are good financial investments for us. They doubled in value since the inception of the JDE. And as we said many times, there is more upside potential for both businesses and we like clearly the clarity, the vision, the potential, and the flexibility those investments offer.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
So it doesn't sound like there's much urgency, let's say, or any change to the strategic optionality thought process. Right. They're doing well, obviously, Q1, Q2, they done very well. Unless we really need the cash for some reason, let's just keep plugging them, do well, it's pretty much that.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, I mean, we have good shareholder rights over both companies. Specifically for JDE, we could propose a price to job [Phonetic] for which they have the right of first refusal. And then if the value is not accepted, we could take JDE public through an IPO. And clearly, we would love to have a public market for both investments as we believe there is more value. So yeah, you're right, nothing at this point has really changed. We see more upside potential for both companies.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay, super. And then one last quick one is just year when you said back half profit would be similar to first half profit means a lot of different things and maybe I just don't get it. Sometimes we don't. Is that -- you're literally just saying operating profit or is at gross profit or that's net profit like net income would be similar on a dollar basis back half versus second half? That's it, thanks.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, I think , the shape of the P&L will be similar to the first half. I would say -- I would leave it at that. Clearly, there is a little bit more investment coming in the second part of the year but broad stroke, the shape of the P&L is going to be similar.
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay, super. Thank you so much.
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. And as I said at the outset. I'm proud of this quarter's results and of the work, the hard work of my colleagues across the globe. I think this quarter and this first half show how our leadership position and strategy is helping to drive the strength of snacking categories around the world and creating value for our shareholders. And we do all of this while remaining committed to deliver on our promise to create a future where people and the planet thrive. This first half helps us to remain focused on our long-term objective of generating volume-driven top line growth of 3% plus and fueled by virtuous circle of increasing investments which generates solid sustainable operating income growth. Our progress to date gives me further confidence in the validity of our strategy and our long-term prospects. Thank you for your interest in the company.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 73 minutes
Call participants:
Shep Dunlap -- Vice President, Investor Relations
Dirk Van de Put -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Luca Zaramella -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Andrew Lazar -- Barclays -- Analyst
Bryan Spillane -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Chris Growe -- Stifel -- Analyst
Steven Strycula -- UBS -- Analyst
Ken Goldman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Jason English -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
David Palmer -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Robert Moskow -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
David Driscoll -- Citi Research -- Analyst
Rob Dickerson -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
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