Yahoo Finance RE/MAX Holdings Inc (RMAX) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript
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RE/MAX Holdings Inc (NYSE: RMAX)
Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Feb. 22, 2019, 8:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning. And welcome to the RE/MAX Holdings Fourth Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. My name is James, and I will be facilitating the audio portion of today's call.
At this time, I'd like to turn the call over to Andy Schulz, Vice President of Investor Relations. Mr. Schulz?
Andy Schulz -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone. And welcome to RE/MAX Holdings fourth quarter and full year 2018 earnings conference call. Please visit the Investor Relations page of remax.com for all earnings related materials and to access the live webcast and the replay of the call today. If you are participating through the webcast, please note that you will need to advance the slides as we move through the presentation.
Turning to slide two. Our prepared remarks and answers to your questions on today's call may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include those related to agent count, franchise sales, financial measures and guidance, brand expansion, competition, technology, housing market conditions, dividends, strategic and operational plans, and business models.
Forward-looking statements represent management's current estimates. RE/MAX assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in the future. Forward-looking statements address matters that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. These are discussed in our fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results press release and other SEC filings.
Also, we will refer to certain non-GAAP measures on today's call. Please see the definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP measures contained in our most recent quarterly financial results press release, which is available on our website.
Joining me on our call today are Adam Contos, our Chief Executive Officer; and Karri Callahan, our Chief Financial Officer. Ward Morrison, President of Motto Mortgage will join us for the Q&A.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to RE/MAX Holdings' CEO, Adam Contos. Adam?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thank you, Andy, and thanks to everyone for joining our call today. Looking at slide three. We are pleased with our fourth quarter performance, as our differentiated business model continue to grow in a correcting market. Highlights of the quarter included, revenue increased almost 5% to $50.8 million, recurring revenue streams, which consist of continuing franchise fees and annual dues increased almost 4% and represented over 67% of total revenue during the quarter. Adjusted EBITDA was $23.3 million, down compared to Q4 of last year, due to investments in our business and higher severance costs. And adjusted EPS was $0.49 per share, up 9%.
For the full year 2018, we increased agent count, revenue, adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow, while continuing to invest meaningfully in future organic growth opportunities. We achieved all of this, despite US existing home sales decreasing more than 3% for the year. These results illustrate how our differentiated business model tied primarily to recurring fees based on RE/MAX agent count and Motto office count is more insulated and resilient to fluctuations in transaction volumes. In 2018, total agent count increased over 4% to a new record high of over 124,000 agents worldwide. We had our best year of global franchise sales in over a decade. Motto expansion continued and we now have almost 80 offices open. Revenue grew almost 10% to nearly $213 million. Adjusted EBITDA increased to over $104 million and adjusted EPS increased 22% to $2.25 per share.
Turning to slide four. In 2018, RE/MAX continued to be recognized for its industry leadership by many well respected third parties and in annual surveys. The accolades included citations for agent productivity, industry influence, brand power and franchising results. This trend continued into the New Year as RE/MAX once again was ranked as the leading real estate franchise in Entrepreneur's Franchise 500. RE/MAX has held this number one position for seven consecutive years and for 16 years of the past 20 years. Such consistent long-term acclaim reinforces our vitality and underscores our conviction that we are operating from a position of strength in 2019.
RE/MAX was founded 46 years ago last month, based on a simple plan to create an environment where productive agents would come together, motivate each other and see their results soar. By helping others achieve their goals, we achieve ours, everybody wins. Almost half a century later that original business model is still not only relevant, but also going strong, all around the world. RE/MAX agents in more than 110 countries and territories are delivering great outcomes to buyers and sellers. In fact, on average, RE/MAX agents close a successful transaction somewhere in the world, every 30 seconds.
Our relentless focus on our singular founding premise has propelled us to become what we are today, the worldwide leader in real estate, with the most compelling set of competitive advantages in the business. Leading market share, leading agent productivity, leading global presence and leading brand awareness. Nobody in the world sells more real estate than RE/MAX, based on residential transaction sites. We're known as being the home of the top producer. In multiple annual national big broker reports, RE/MAX agents outproduce other agents two to one. Our global footprint is unmatched with nearly half our membership outside the US today and the RE/MAX brand has the highest level of unaided brand awareness in real estate in the US and Canada, according to a consumer study conducted by MMR Strategy Group.
Moving to slide five. Despite the successes we've achieved, we are never satisfied. We continue to invest meaningfully to extend our leadership position and evolve as our industry changes. In fact, there hasn't been a period of greater investment in our value proposition than in the past three years. In addition to the massive brand refresh that updated the iconic RE/MAX balloon logo and wordmarks. We purchased the Momentum Professional Development Program that has transformed the operating systems within many RE/MAX brokerages. We launched the Motto Mortgage brand and acquired booj, an award-winning real estate technology company that is now developing a platform designed around the needs and preferences of RE/MAX affiliates.
We also recently introduced our comprehensive 2019 National RE/MAX Advertising Campaign that spans outdoor, radio, digital, TV and social media outlets. As part of that launch, we provided our agents with a tool for making 15 second custom videos connecting their personal brand to the national campaign, an industry first. Creating and gauging video content typically requires a sizable amount of time and money. Two items of enormous value to a busy agent. But the custom video generator produces a free, simple, social friendly clip in less than a minute, giving RE/MAX agents another competitive edge in their marketing.
As times change, so have the needs of our franchisees. Recognizing this, we also recently revamped our regional structure in the US to make our brokerage support more focused and impactful. Our new service model which emphasizes business systems, accountability and tech engagement is designed to help brokerages grow and thrive regardless of what's happening around them. Our strong business model and competitive position enable us to consider smart organizational changes like this that evolve and improve the business.
Flipping to slide six. Next week we head out to our Annual R4 Convention, where over 5,000 RE/MAX brokers, agents and teams gather to exchange ideas and discuss the latest developments in real estate. R4 is always a dynamic global environment. There's nothing quite like it in our industry and it is a true testament to the strength of the RE/MAX brand and network.
At R4, a year ago, we announced the booj acquisition and the landmark expansion of our technology capabilities. After an exhaustive but vital process of collecting insight and feedback from our membership, we are positioned to start rolling out a full ecosystem of RE/MAX technology this year. Our data-driven tech platform will enable agents and teams to launch customized marketing campaigns, nurture customer relationships, manage leads and more. The power of RE/MAX is the RE/MAX network and we have received extensive and invaluable feedback on core features from hundreds of affiliates during our alpha testing that is currently ongoing. The engagement, commitment and excitement from our brokers and agents who have been participating in this process is overwhelming. It exceeded the usual software industry norms and the feedback received has been candid, helpful and very encouraging.
Overall, the platform is receiving high marks and our network is eager for more. The key for us is to be the best to market, not the first to market. So we are being diligent and thorough in our execution. Beta testing will begin soon and a staggered rollout is slated to begin later this year. As product development progresses, many more of our highly productive professional agents will be actively involved in the process.
Moving to slide seven, Motto Mortgage continues to be a good organic growth contributor for us. We had another strong year of growth in 2018, selling about 50 franchises, a pace on par with our inaugural year. In fact, Motto is among the top 1% fastest growing emerging franchises in 2018, according to an analysis of over 2,500 franchise systems conducted by Franchise Grade, 100 franchises sold in less than two years is remarkable for a start-up franchisor regardless of the industry. This showcases the attractiveness of the Motto Mortgage model. We're charging new territory as the first national mortgage brokerage franchise and we intend to continue to capitalize upon this momentum.
Importantly, we finished the year on a strong note as December was our highest month of Motto franchise sales in 2018. Although, the majority of our Motto sales have been to RE/MAX franchisees. We are also making incremental progress selling to other customer groups, such as independent real estate brokers, teams from other national franchise brands, successful loan originators looking to set up their own shops and investor groups.
Although, times are challenging for many in the mortgage business right now, mortgage brokers like Motto Mortgage are faring relatively well. We expected the mortgage brokerage channel would be a growth opportunity and this is why we pursued the Motto concept over two years ago. And while we are bullish about our business and anticipate mortgage brokers in general will enjoy even more success in 2019. We continue to be pragmatic and expect our franchise sales in 2019 will approximate what they have been in each of the past two years.
Turning to slide eight, the winter chill extended to the housing market in January, as home sales remained cool, according to the RE/MAX National Housing Report based on MLS data from 54 US metro areas. The good news is that inventory levels in January continue to rise on a year-over-year basis, providing incremental improvement in what's been a multi-year shortage of for-sale homes. This is a positive for home buyers as the market continues to swing their way.
While January home sales dropped 11% year-over-year, extending a streak that began in August. Inventory grew year-over-year by an average of 6.4%. January marked the fourth consecutive month of inventory growth. Further, reversing a decade-long trend of shrinking inventory. The median sales price of $234,000 was a report record for January, increasing 4.6% over January 2018. But the rate of sales price increase was considerably less than the 6.7% posted from January 2017 to January 2018. Underlying demand remained solid overall as evidenced by widespread price increases. So the US housing market, while not markedly busy in January remains relatively healthy. Furthermore, with interest rates stabilizing and home price increase is slowing, the spring selling season shapes up to be as interesting as any we have seen in years.
Additionally, the current sentiment among our brokers is generally positive. Our franchisees understand that the RE/MAX brand, our status as the global industry leader and our network of quality, highly productive agents combine to differentiate us during times of change. Our brokers and our agents are sensing opportunity right now, because they know that when the market is challenging to navigate, a consumer benefits by aligning themselves with an experienced professional agent, a local expert who can cut through the noise and advocate on their behalf.
Moving to slide nine. No matter what else may be happening in the real estate space, RE/MAX continues to attract and develop the industry's top producing professionals and high potential agents who aspire to reach higher levels. That consistency remains a defining characteristic of our brand and value proposition. We finished the fourth quarter of 2018 with over 124,000 agents in our global network, representing an increase of more than 4% year-over-year. And just earlier this month, we topped 125,000 agents, yet another all-time RE/MAX record.
That's quite an accomplishment. In particular, our global agent count outside of the US and Canada continues to expand at a robust clip. We added more than 5,000 agents during full year 2018, a gain of nearly 15%. Parts of South America, Europe and Southeast Asia drove this strong international growth. Countries such as Portugal, Italy and India were among our better performers. Our agent growth rate in the US and Canada has flattened with modest agent losses occurring during Q4, which isn't an uncommon occurrence during the final months of the year.
While we are very excited about initiatives we have under way, like our new service model and our upcoming agent tech platform, we expect these endeavors to be more impactful after they have fully rolled out and therefore to more likely be reflected in next year's recruiting efforts. All-in-all, the macro environment for housing is more challenging right now, and as a result, we expect flat to modestly negative agent growth in the US for the full year 2019.
As slide 10 shows, we added almost 200 agents year-over-year in the US and Canada. On the left, you can see the US growth flattened and had a negligible loss of agents year-over-year. Two of the states showing larger gains, New Jersey and New York were recently acquired and formally operated as independently owned regions. These gains were more than offset by losses in the Southwest and Central Atlantic states in addition to New England and Texas.
As shown on the right, our Canadian agent count grew by 215 agents, highlighted by steady gains in Eastern Canada and Quebec. Regarding our Canadian performance, it's important to note that the housing market in Canada has been rebalancing for the better part of two years. But we have continued to grow during this time. It's another example of the resiliency and attractiveness of our brand, model and network. However, similar to the US, based on the macro trends we are currently seeing, we have tempered our expectations for the 2019 Canadian agent count results.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Karri.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Adam. Good morning, everyone. Overall, we had a solid fourth quarter amid a shifting market. Our fourth quarter revenue grew almost 5%, driven almost exclusively by contribution from recent acquisitions and Motto. Adjusted EBITDA was down $2.3 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to continued investments in our business and some severance. We also continued to generate a healthy amount of free cash flow, converting over 65% of adjusted EBITDA to free cash flow on a trailing 12-month basis, which provides us with flexibility entering into 2019.
Moving to slide 11, revenue increased 4.8% to $50.8 million in the fourth quarter. Acquisitions increased revenue by 4.7%. Organic growth added another 0.3%, partially offset by a 0.3% decline from foreign currency movements. Looking ahead, our diversified revenue streams provide multiple opportunities for us to grow, even in an environment of flat agent count growth and existing home sales, we think we can grow organically at a low single-digit rate, particularly given Motto's contribution. Moreover, if improvements in US existing home sales increases in agent count growth and acceleration of the pace of Motto expansion or a combination of these factors were to occur that could move us up closer to a mid single-digit rate of organic growth.
Looking at slide 12, selling, operating and administrative expenses were $30 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, an increase of $2.3 million or 8.2% compared to the fourth quarter of 2017 and represented 59.1% of revenue, compared to 57.3% in the prior year period. SO&A expenses increased primarily due to investments in technology and the cost to support booj's legacy operations, as well as higher severance and equity compensation expenses. These increases were partially offset by decreased acquisition expenses and professional fees. Even in a lower growth environment, we believe we can continue to strategically invest in our business without much of an impact to our margin profile.
Turning to slide 13, one item to note before I update our outlook for Q1 and fiscal year 2019. As we announced earlier this year, on January 1, 2019, we acquired for a nominal sum the advertising fund entities and our company-owned regions, as well as the Motto advertising fund. We now collectively refer to these entities as the Marketing Funds and the presentation of their financial position and results of operation is consistent with many of our franchise or peer. The Marketing Funds are essentially a pass-through entity. All of the money collected by the funds has been and will continue to be contractually obligated to support marketing campaigns to build brand awareness and to support our agent marketing technology.
The funds haven't historically generated a profit and we don't believe this will change in the future. As a result, beginning this year, our balance sheet will be grossed up by the assets and liabilities of the Marketing Funds. Similarly, our P&L will be grossed up by the revenues and expenses of the Marketing Funds. So we don't expect a material impact, if any, to our overall profitability as a result of acquiring them.
Now on to our guidance. The Company's first quarter and full year 2019 outlook includes the acquisitions of the Marketing Funds and assumes no further currency movements, acquisitions or divestitures. For the first quarter of 2019, we expect agent count to increase 3.5% to 4.5% over first quarter 2018. Revenue in a range of $70 million to $73 million, including revenue from the Marketing Funds in the range of $18 million to $19 million and adjusted EBITDA in a range of $22 million to $24 million. For the full year 2019, we expect agent count to increase 2% to 4% over full-year 2018, revenue in a range of $287 million to $291 million, including revenue from the Marketing Funds in the range of $72.5 million to $74.5 million and adjusted EBITDA in a range of $104.5 million to $107.5 million.
Now, I'll turn it back to Adam.
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thanks, Karri. Turning to slide 14. In conclusion, we entered 2019 from a position of strength and with great momentum. We are moving forward knowing RE/MAX agents perform well in virtually any market. We are actively focused on enhancing the value of marketing, training and technology tools offer to our network, including the first booj developed RE/MAX tech products that will rollout this year. Interest in owning a Motto franchise remains high and we continue to feel good about our pipeline.
With that, operator, let's open it up for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
(Operator Instructions) And your first question comes from the line of Thomas Maguire from Zelman & Associates. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Thomas Patrick Maguire -- Zelman & Associates LLC -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning and nice job navigating a tough environment here. I just wanted to touch on the agent count, maybe digging into the comments you made on the domestic side. I understand part of its just macro slowing. But can you just talk to anything else going on out there and maybe just a competitive environment? And then just more broadly on the investments you're making, are those having any impact on recruitment now at all or do we need to wait another year to have those show up or kind of are we partially offsetting the challenging macro, is that right now.
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Hey. Good morning, Thomas. It's Adam. Yeah. Well, we can't control the macro, we can control how we continue to iterate on the model, how sticky it is. So we've made a lot of reinvestment into our space and really what we call the three Ts. First one being the tools, our marketing platforms like our user generated content video marketing tool, allows our agents to create their own 15 second videos and really magnify their presence in the marketplace.
The second one is training, we have mentioned, we reinvested in the Momentum program, which we're -- we have a heavy rollout going on and really getting -- working closely with our brokerages in order to continue to strengthen their business model and we work kind of recruiting environment.
And the third one is technology. Obviously, you're aware of the booj acquisition last year and throughout 2019 we're rolling out the different platforms there. So we're continuing to iterate on the business model in order to create a more sticky environment. Obviously, we want the highest performing agents in the marketplace and with low unemployment, as well as NAR being at the peak, a significant amount of churn on the low end there. I think we're doing really well in this environment with respect to where agent count is and where we see it going.
Thomas Patrick Maguire -- Zelman & Associates LLC -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks, guys. Have a great day.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jason Deleeuw from Piper Jaffray. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Jason Scott Deleeuw -- Piper Jaffray Companies -- Analyst
Yes. Thanks for taking the question. I just want to get a sense for the expected model revenue contribution. I'm just trying to -- if agent counts kind of flattish, maybe down a little bit for US, Canada? And then I'm trying to kind of think about how we get to be organic low single-digit revenue growth rate. That's the target for the year. Sounds like Motto is a big contributor. So can you just help us think about the Motto revenue, kind of the franchise sales and then how many of the 78 are now paying the full monthly fee?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Hey. Good morning, Jason. It's Karri. So we're really excited about Motto. And continue to think that the pipeline is strong and really trying to differentiate the customer base that we're going after as well. So do anticipate from a franchise sales perspective in 2019. Our sales to be comparable to what we're looking at in 2018. So kind of around that 50 -- 50 mark, really now focusing on the number of Motto franchises that are open and ramping up to pay that full complement of fees. So looking at 2019, Motto contributing a good kind of 1% of growth in terms of organic kind of looking at that mid-single digits in terms of millions of dollars of revenue contributions to the topline.
Jason Scott Deleeuw -- Piper Jaffray Companies -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for that. That's helpful. And then, I'm just trying to get a sense in terms of competitors and the challenges that they -- the brokers and their agents may be experiencing with the slowing housing market. Are you seeing any of that yet and in past cycles, how long has it take -- I mean, how long has the market needed to be weak before you would start to see a -- RE/MAX kind of gaining ground on some of the competitors?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Good morning. It's Adam. So the -- we're in a competitive environment that nobody in our marketplace has ever seen before. And really, what this does is it kind of magnifies the strength of the producing agents. We obviously spend a lot of time talking to the brokers, our wonderful franchisees and the agents out there, and what we're hearing is those that are focused on their business model are actually strengthening their business and with the kind of the equilibrium occurring in the marketplace, the increased listings and things like that, we're going to continue to see the market shift, but it's going to be the strong agents that really seem to do well in this marketplace, which is why we -- we're pretty happy about the strength of our business model and how it continues to amplify the capabilities of these strong agents.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And I think the thing that I would add on to that is, what we're hearing from the network right now, is a lot of cautious optimism in terms of where the market is going to go and we look at just the overall quality of our agent base, the productivity differentials that we have in overall competitive advantages and we just think that we're well-positioned to navigate a tricky market like we're in right now.
Jason Scott Deleeuw -- Piper Jaffray Companies -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks for the color.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Anthony Paolone from JPMorgan. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Thanks and good morning. If we could stay on some of the feedback from the system, what's the sense you are getting in terms of competitors peaking splits up closer to kind of where you all have traditionally been and whether that's marginally making it tougher to recruit?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Good morning, Tony. It's -- the competitive marketplace is really with respect to split has leveled out many years ago. This isn't something really new. And competing on fees is not really the way to approach recruiting in this marketplace and I think most of the brokers out there, regardless of the brand understand that. They -- nobody wants to get into a race to the bottom. And I don't think, you see a whole lot of people engaging in that anymore. Really what people are competing on is value, in fact, a lot of the splits are starting to reset to some historical levels as particularly with team involvement, things like that, you're seeing some people even go back to 60-40 and 50-50 in some different aspects depending on how the business is generated.
So ultimately what it blows down to is what is the value being offered by the broker to help the agent increase their business and that's where we've been really magnifying our efforts with our training tools and technology that we're offering out there, and ultimately, the biggest challenge for any brand is to make sure that the brokers and the agents are understanding and operating with those tools in order to maximize their business.
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
So you don't think, your franchisees are feeling as much competition from things like having to compete on either guest fees or just the economics of the model and it's instead kind of just the -- these are the things like technology and things of that nature, that's ramped up the competition.
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
People always compete on price, but ultimately what ends up helping the agent is how much value they can put into their business in order to increase their business. That's what the agents after is increasing their profitability, doing more deals, saving time and having the freedom of that independent business model, that is really the wonderful part of this space. So if people want to compete on price, but ultimately what they want to do is they want to compete on what is the value of the brand that it brings to the agent and it's all in. What are your priorities in your business? Is it to save money or is it to make money and we look at it as our business model is designed to help people make money.
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Okay. And then on the investment side, how does the acquisition pipeline work and do you think 2019 is the year we see something either on the Independent Regions side or also potentially outside of that in some other area.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Hey. Good morning, Tony. So with regards to the Independent Regions. They continue to be very strong partners of ours and some of our key customers. We work very collaboratively with them and really have continued to with some of the investments that Adam was talking about, we actually will be meeting with them as we go off to Las Vegas next week for our annual International Agent Convention. And so continue to have those strong partnerships. They will continue to be opportunistic as they always have, but it also remains to be a key priority for us in terms of capital allocation and how we look at deploying capital to give us some of the best returns. So they'll continue to be opportunistic, obviously, from an overall strategic perspective, we're always looking at things in terms of iterating on our value that Adam was just talking about, in terms of how to deploy capital to maximize growth opportunities.
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Okay. And then just last item on CapEx. I think you guys ramped it up a little bit in the second half of 2018. Any sense of what you expect to spend in 2019?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So we did ramp up a little bit in the back half of 2018. As we look at 2019, looking to continue that ramp up, probably, kind of close to that, call it, $10 million range of CapEx investment spend next year -- For this year.
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Bose George from KBW. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Thomas Patrick Mcjoynt-Griffith -- Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc -- Analyst
Hey, guys. This is Tommy join on for Bose. I want to ask on the Marketing Funds acquisition in January. Can you just confirm that that's not impactful on both net income and EBITDA. And then if that is the case. Just want to sort of get a reason of why -- what the reason was for buying that, is there any potential to trim costs over time or somehow get that to produce some income?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Hey. Good morning. Tommy. It's Karri. So, yeah, confirmed on the first question, in terms of no impact to net income or to EBITDA. And then with regards to the Marketing Funds, really those funds based on the terms of our franchise agreements, they -- the funds are contractually encumbered. We use those to really help drive (ph) some of our key competitive advantages around the number one brand in real estate. And so the plan will be -- that will be unchanged over time and that that will continue and will continue to deploy those -- that capital in the future, always like we've done it in the past.
Thomas Patrick Mcjoynt-Griffith -- Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks. If I take the midpoints of guidance ranges and back out the Marketing Funds piece to get to apples-to-apples with 2018, then that implies a roughly flat adjusted EBITDA margin in 2019. And that's based on about 1% to 2% revenue growth. Is the sense that 2019 is going to be another year of a good amount of spend on tech product development and other initiatives?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I mean, as you look at the margins, you're right. It's generally flat, but we're actually really pleased with that. I mean, obviously, it's a little bit of a challenging market. But the inherent leverage in the business. absolutely, is there. So if we look at the investments that we're making. If those can really help to accelerate agent count growth in the US, if we can get some additional acceleration in terms of Motto, and obviously, if the macro changes a little bit. There's leverage in the business for sure. But we will continue to invest and we think the strength of the business model really enables us to do that without really adversely impacting the margin profile.
Thomas Patrick Mcjoynt-Griffith -- Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks. And then just last one, housekeeping, equity-based comp has accelerated over the past year, what's the outlook for that heading into 2019?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So the -- if you look at 2018 kind of as a baseline. That's a good run rate for 2019. Part of that uptick is related to some equity-based compensation that was specifically tied to the booj acquisition and that will continue into 2019.
Thomas Patrick Mcjoynt-Griffith -- Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Stephen Sheldon from William Blair. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Stephen Sheldon -- William Blair -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. I guess, first on the changes you talked about to the brokerage support structure. Can you provide some more detail on the changes made? And I think the severance could be at least partly related to that. So how much was the severance in the fourth quarter and are any additional severance charges embedded in the guidance for either the first quarter and for 2019?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Good morning, Stephen. Yeah. The -- we're really excited about the service model change that we've made recently and particularly what that refers to is, how we service the franchisees and what we've done as we've gone in and segmented our customer base, so that we can better service them directly to their needs in order to really create a higher level of accountability and also a greater deal of focus on growing their business.
So that includes everything from kind of restructuring our regional outlay of the US going from 10 regions to four larger regions and providing more specialized employees in each of those regions and reallocating a lot of manpower to be specifically trained on certain aspects of leadership and development training, brokerage accountability and technology training.
So we're really excited about that. The feedback we're getting from the field is our franchisees are quite excited about it as well. It helps them focus on the things that they need to do. So we'll continue to roll that out through 2019 and make the adjustments that we need to on it, but at this point, it's a pretty positive outlook on it.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And then, Steven. Just as a follow-up to your question on severance. So we did have some cash severance charges in the fourth quarter a little over $1 million. So if you were to adjust that out, it would take the Q4 margin closer to around 48% for the quarter and then we do expect some additional cash severance charges in Q1, a little north of $500,000, which is also reflected in the guidance that we've given.
Stephen Sheldon -- William Blair -- Analyst
Got it. That's helpful. And then just on the 2% sequential decrease in agent count in US. I know that agent count has declined sequentially in the fourth quarter, last two years, but the degree obviously was a little bit bigger this year and I am guessing, some of that to the housing environment. But can you just talk about what drove that between the pace of recruiting or just any change in the pace of turnover. Just any detail on that?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So as we look at kind of the funnel in terms of new adds, we're definitely seeing some pressure there. As we look at the macro environment, obviously, with existing home sales down, and then also looking at just the broader economic backdrop in terms of full employment. You couple that with the fact that either RE/MAX really isn't for everyone and our franchisees have learned -- they learned some pretty tough lessons as part of the recession. So they've been very selective. Also in terms of their recruiting efforts, given the market and so we're definitely seeing some pressure in terms of the top end of the funnel. But from an overall retention perspective and turnover churn perspective, that's pretty stable.
So, with that said, from a backdrop, despite what's going on from the macro perspective, we're still really focused on what we can control and we're really focused on not only the technology initiatives from booj, but the service model that Adam was talking about and some of the other digital and social marketing initiatives that we have going on, and so we think right now, it's still -- there's still lot of enthusiasm around the RE/MAX network.
Stephen Sheldon -- William Blair -- Analyst
Okay. And then, I guess, just quick one last one. I was just curious, your thoughts on how the pace of housing activity has impacted Motto franchise sales. It sounds like December was really solid in terms of sales, but just given that Motto gives your existing franchisees another way to monetize transactions. Have you seen higher interest levels in Motto from existing RE/MAX franchisees, has the pace of housing activity slowed and they -- maybe they have a little bit more time and resources to look at it. And I guess along those lines, is there a cap on how many Motto franchisees you could on-board at any particular time?
Ward Morrison -- President
Hi. This is Ward. On the last question. There is no cap on what we can on-board at this time. We could just add more resources as necessary. The excitement continue. So we sold a little right around 120 since inception, the pace continues, look we talked about it about 58-year (ph), but it's a great way for our brokers to diversify their revenue, which we think can -- may lead to more success for them. So we're excited about the opportunity. We continue to sell not only within the RE/MAX brand, but outside the RE/MAX brand. So we even sold to some of our competitors like the great Sotheby's team this year. Some independent real estate companies, some loan originators looking to set up their own shop. So we're very, very optimistic about 2019. We know the brokerage channel in general compared to the mortgage banking channel is continuing to grow. So those are all positive signs for Motto in 2019 and beyond.
Stephen Sheldon -- William Blair -- Analyst
Thanks. Appreciate the color.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of John Campbell from Stephens. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Good morning. Adam or Karri, or both of you guys, you both spoke to kind of the recent slowdown in domestic agent growth. It's good to hear that the churn has been stable. And I guess the pressure is coming from the gross adds and it sounds like you guys have put some organizational changes in place to kind of rejuvenate agent growth next year. But is there anything else out there that gives you just kind of greater confidence around a reacceleration next year. I mean, is there particular regions that might have gone from independent to company-owned that have a lot of potential, just anything else you can provide there?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Good morning, John. Yeah. It -- we have a -- when you look across the US, we've seen some strength kind of in the Northeast and it's kind of interesting you look at like the SALT states and that's where we've actually seen a little bit of strength in agent growth and capability of that. But, ultimately, when you look at our new broker servicing model that we've just rolled out, we're pretty optimistic about, how if that really keeps people pointed toward that NorthStar of recruiting and growing their business, tying that into the three core deliverables of RE/MAX beyond the brand -- the training, the marketing tools and the technology. We've really -- like you said, we've refined our business model, we've refined our -- our -- essentially our value proposition to the marketplace into our franchisees and it's so much easier to talk about when it comes to that, and ultimately, business runs on some very few solid focused fundamentals and that's what we've gotten back to. So we're pretty bullish on that.
Although, you're right. We can't control the macros, but what we can do is, we can control our focus and our effort and how we attack those. So seeing it -- the growth potential through some of the different regions that we have acquired recently is a good upside to that.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And I think the other thing that I would add is, we're starting to hear some anecdotal information around our broker's ability to recruit successfully because of what's coming from the booj platform and so it's one of many different value propositions that we are offering, but we do think that over the long-term, it can be an accelerant in terms of where agent count growth goes in the future. Obviously, with the rollout not being planned until later in the summer, we want to make sure that we have an effective rollout and that it's the best experience possible. So still too early to tell, but at least anecdotally we are getting some good feedback.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And then on the international growth, I mean, that continues to be very impressive. I just want to dig in on that opportunity for a second. So, first, what's the average revenue per agent international versus US and Canada?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So outside of the US and Canada, it's closer to about $250 per agent. With some of that growth, it's been great to see, we're actually starting to see it contribute in terms of overall organic growth a little bit more than we have in the past. So a little under 1% but good growth opportunities for sure.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
And how does that compare to the US Canadian?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
So US -- in -- it's about a tenth. So US and Canada in owned regions closer to $2,500 per agent on an annualized basis.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Okay. And then what are some steps you guys might be able to take over time to kind of get that revenue per agent up. I know some of it is the broker fees are going to be probably difficult relative to domestic, but are there other basically fixed fees that you could take higher over time?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
I mean, we always look at pricing and just also -- we know looking at just different value that we can provide on a global basis. As we think longer-term about technology, education and other just value proposition items, once we really have a solid foundation built here in the US, we'll always look -- see how we can deliver that value in exchange for growth opportunities overseas.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Okay. And then last one from me, I just want make sure I heard you guys correctly, you said, you expect franchise sales to be kind of similar to what you had in past years, is that -- are you referring just the Motto, or is that overall franchise sales?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
What I was referring to earlier was specific to Motto and kind of directionally with the rest of the network. 2018 was a banner year. It was the second best year in the Company's history aside from 2006. So we might see a little bit of retraction from that, but don't expect it to have a meaningfully -- a meaningful different impact to overall financial results.
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thanks guys.
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your next question comes from the line of Chris Gamaitoni from Compass Point. Go ahead please. Your line is open.
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
Hi. Thanks for taking my call. As you speak about the competitive environment being about the service quality provided to the agents. I was wondering, if you had a view on or in estimate of the percentage of agent sales within your network that come from leads that you provide or it's maybe purchased leads versus their own sphere of influence?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Good morning, Chris, and welcome to the club here. Glad to have you on here. Hey. I think the, with respect to our network, the beauty of our network is our agents are generally full time producing agents that have been in a business for quite some time. So a great deal of the leads in the business that they create comes from their repeat and referral network. and ultimately what that rolls down to is we've got agents who had a nurtured group of customers for quite some time. Most of them are on their second, third, fourth transaction with these particular agents and that's always really been the strength of our network is that. It isn't necessarily the lead factories or the portals or anything like that.
That being said, our agents being full time professionals do generally use multiple streams of lead generation both from like remax.com and what we call Lead Street, which is our internal lead cultivation platform and we get millions of visitors all the time on our website on a monthly basis. But they also are huge customers of the different portals as well purchasing leads, as well as purchasing marketing on those. So really across the board with RE/MAX, you can't necessarily point your finger at one particular lead generation piece, other than I think the strongest lead generation piece for RE/MAX agents in general is the repeat and referral network.
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
Okay. Can you give us specifically what you're excited about in your platform rollout that you think can accelerate to kind of agent recruiting in growth given a lot of their business comes from the prior book of business?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
I think, I mean, that holistically when you kind of go down a couple of layers is really what gets us excited about this is agents really are kind of sick and tired now of logging into 10 to 12 different platforms in order to do their business and that's what you're seeing right now is a consolidation of those platforms, where they can focus on doing their business because when you take the step back and you look at it, OK, dealing with a repeat and referral business, ultimately what generates the business, is that time with the customer, that time directly providing value to the consumer out there, and when agents are so busy involving themselves and their technology that takes them away from being able to do business.
So we're giving them more time in order to do more business it -- in the most simplest form, but that involves several different tools and levers that we can pull, such as their marketing, such as their pipeline management, their CRM and how they are in contact with those, the new leads that they bring in and how they cultivate those, as well as the existing customers that they continue to work into repeat and referral transactions. So, ultimately, what you're seeing in the real estate technology is, how do you make it quicker and easier for the agents to provide a higher level of value to the customers that they can introduce to their CRM and their pipeline, and that's in the grand scheme of things, what our technology platforms do.
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
Okay. And I don't know if you have a view on this, but, do you have a view on the kind of -- the quote moonshot announcements from Zelle last night, how that might impact either your business or the overall real estate market?
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Yeah. We -- generally as a matter of Company policy, we don't comment on speculation or rumor, so read the articles, but that's all we got.
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
Okay. And then just one housekeeping, just looking on your prior years to understand outflows, just what's the cadence of the Marketing Funds revenue. Is it like seasonality?
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
It's a pretty consistent with our continuing franchise fee revenue, so it's based on -- it's more recurring in nature. So there should be some information that was including -- included in the back of the earnings presentation to give you some historical perspective both on an annual and a quarterly basis.
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
All right. Thank you.
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thanks, Chris.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I'll turn the call back over to our presenters.
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thank you, James. And thank you all for joining us on the call today. Have a great weekend.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.
Duration: 49 minutes
Call participants:
Andy Schulz -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Adam Contos -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Karri Callahan -- Chief Financial Officer
Thomas Patrick Maguire -- Zelman & Associates LLC -- Analyst
Jason Scott Deleeuw -- Piper Jaffray Companies -- Analyst
Anthony Paolone -- JP Morgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Thomas Patrick Mcjoynt-Griffith -- Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc -- Analyst
Stephen Sheldon -- William Blair -- Analyst
Ward Morrison -- President
John Campbell -- Stephens -- Analyst
Chris Gamaitoni -- Compass Point -- Analyst
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